2016考研英語閱讀：認(rèn)清六類符號(hào)作用

考研英語閱讀分析，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)看似作用小，實(shí)則蘊(yùn)含大學(xué)問。句式的劃分要靠它，要拆分解讀還得看它，所以說了解清楚標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用，有助於提升閱讀能力，下面新東方在線詳細(xì)和大家談?wù)劻惓Ｒ姌?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用。

問號(hào)

考研英語中，閱讀文章中的問號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問的功能，隻問不答，答案不言自明，請一定認(rèn)真品味作者想要表達(dá)的真實(shí)含義。比如 2014年閱讀text1 中有句話“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? 此處help?really?中問號(hào)就暗示我們作者對(duì)以上的說法是非常不以為然的。

同時(shí)，關(guān)於問號(hào)，我們還需要注意如果一篇文章開篇就是問句，那麼則屬於問題答案型文章，對(duì)問題的回答就是全文主旨。比如1996年text4 第一段：What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America-breakthroughs such as the telegraph , the steamboat and the weaving machine?那麼這篇文章的中心，我們就一目了然了。

冒號(hào)

冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的內(nèi)容。所以我們往往可以分句冒號(hào)后面的東西來準(zhǔn)確理解冒號(hào)之前的內(nèi)容。1997年題目問劃線單詞的意思，原文如下：We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. 那麼我們根據(jù)冒號(hào)之后的解釋，可以很輕易的從[A] widespread [B] overwhelming [C] piercing [D] fashionable 中選出正確答案 [A]

破折號(hào)

如果句子出先一個(gè)破折號(hào)，則表明后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)破折號(hào)之前的內(nèi)容起補(bǔ)充說明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷的作用，類似於冒號(hào);

如果句子中間有兩個(gè)破折號(hào)，如In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. 兩破折號(hào)之間所夾內(nèi)容通常稱為“插入語”起補(bǔ)充說明作用，在考研30年的歷史中，兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的插入語從來沒有出過正確答案，所以可先跳過不看，以減少閱讀量。

分號(hào)

分號(hào)前后是並列關(guān)系，如果句中有一個(gè)分號(hào)，則表明分號(hào)前后語義相同，如1997年閱讀中有道題目問69.The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.回到原文中：This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. 那麼根據(jù)分號(hào)前后語義相同我們很容易選出正確答案為[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time。

如果句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或以上的分號(hào)，則表明分號(hào)前后的東西在結(jié)構(gòu)上是並列的。如96年第四篇中Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country ‘ s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors ; and above all the American genius for nonverbal , “spatial” thinking about things technological 。

引號(hào)

引號(hào)有三種作用①引用，②強(qiáng)調(diào)，③諷刺 尤其需要注意的是第三種表示諷刺的作用，因?yàn)樗凳局髡邅K不認(rèn)同的態(tài)度。比如“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.這句話中creationism前面的Scientific加了引號(hào)，就表明作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)始論其實(shí)是不科學(xué)的。那麼題目"Creationism" in the passage refers to ________. [A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe[B] a notion of the creation of religion [C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation [D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe 中正確答案就顯然為[D]了。

那麼，我們怎麼能知道具體到某句話中，引號(hào)到底是表示引用，強(qiáng)調(diào)，還是表示諷刺呢?通常，如果加引號(hào)的詞是含有褒義或者說正向意義的詞，那麼加了引號(hào)就表明的是諷刺了。

逗號(hào)

逗號(hào)主要是用於分割並列成分。在考研閱讀中，如果逗號(hào)之前人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等專有名詞，逗號(hào)之后或者兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間內(nèi)容為對(duì)這些內(nèi)容的身份、地位等等的解釋說明成分時(shí)，通常與解題無關(guān)，可以跳過不看。比如In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.中，Chancellor of the Exchequer就可以跳過不讀。