2014年考研英語（二）試題及參考答案

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

    While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.

Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured

2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

[A]A big house

[B]A special tour

[C]A stylish car

[D]A rich meal

22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that

[A]consumers are sometimes irrational

[B]popularity usually comes after quality

[C]marketing tricks are after effective

[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money

[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

25.This text mainly discusses how to

[A]balance feeling good and spending money

[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries

[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.

[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high

[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect

[C] our need for leadership is unnatural

[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______

[A] rapid watching

[B] conscious choice

[C] intuitive response

[D] automatic self-defence

28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

[A] underestimate their insecurities

[B] believe in their attractiveness

[C] cover up their depressions

[D] oversimplify their illusions

29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.

[A]present their dishonest profiles

[B]define their traditional life styles

[C]share their intellectual pursuits

[D]withhold their unflattering sides

Text 4

When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.

Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.

Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.

The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.

There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.

Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.

But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ?4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.

36. The author believes that the housing sector__

[A] has attracted much attention

[B] involves certain political factors

[C] shoulders too much responsibility

[D] has lost its real value in economy

37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__

[A] increased its home supply

[B] offered spending opportunities

[C] suffered government biases

[D] disappointed the government

38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.

[A] allow greater government debt for housing

[B] stop local authorities from building homes

[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt

[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast

39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.

[A]lower the costs of registered providers

[B]lessen the impact of government interference

[C]contribute to funding new developments

[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities

40.The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.

[A]implement more policies to support housing

[B]review the need for large-scale public grants

[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme

[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector

Section III Translation

Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to

1)tell him about your living habits, and

2)ask for advice about living there.

You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.

Do not use your own name.

Part B

48. Directions:

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

You should

1. interpret the chart, and

2. give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】B concluded

【解析】 題干中，一系列的研究已經(jīng)_____，事實上，正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實際上是研究的結(jié)論，因此concluded符合題意，其他選項denied（否認）與意義相反，doubled（翻倍）與題意較遠，ensured（確保）不符合題意，因為研究不能確保后面的事實，只能得出后面的事實作為結(jié)論。所以正確答案為B。

2、【答案】A protective

【解析】 題干中，對于某些健康情況，超重事實上是有_____。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論，超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險，說明超重具有一定的保護作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻煩，不符合題意，所以正確答案為A。

3、【答案】C likewise

【解析】第三句話中，較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞語。A選項instead表示逆接的句意關(guān)系，B選項however也表示逆接，D選項therefore表示因此，只有C選項likewise意為同樣地；也，而且。因此正確答案為C。

4、【答案】A indicator

【解析】本句話中，_____，一定程度上超重，經(jīng)常是健康的_____。A選項，表示指示器，指標。B選項objective表示客觀；C選項origin表示來源，D選項example表示例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容，已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指標。因此正確答案為A。

5、【答案】D concern

【解析】本句話的句意是，需要更加_____是，很難對肥胖加以定義。A、impact（印象）；B、relevance（相關(guān)性）；C、assistance（輔助）；D、concern（關(guān)注）。前文已經(jīng)說到肥胖事實上有利健康，但是又面臨一個問題，到底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對肥的定義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為D。

6、【答案】A in terms of

【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常______體質(zhì)指數(shù)，或稱為BMI來定義。A、in terms of ，根據(jù)……，就……而言。B、In case of 表示在某種情況下， C、in favor of 表示贊成，以……來取代，D、in respect of，關(guān)于……。因此正確答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標，希望考生能夠記住這一背景知識，方便日后做題。

7、【答案】C equals

【解析】本題題干中BMI_____體重除以身高的平方，這里是用文字敘述了BMI指數(shù)得出的方法，也就是一個數(shù)學(xué)公式，所以equal符合題意。A measure（測量）、B determine表示確定；D modify（修訂）。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。

8、【答案】C in turn

【解析】本題題干中，肥胖_____能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A、in essence（事實上、實際上）; B、in contrast （相反地）；C、in turn（依次）； D、in part （部分地）。本句是將肥胖依次分級，所以正確答案為C。

9、【答案】D straightforward

【解析】題干中，相比之下，這樣的數(shù)字標準看起來_____，實際上不是的。A、complicated （復(fù)雜）；B、conservative（保守）、C、variable（可變的）；D、straightforward（直截了當(dāng)）；這里的數(shù)字標準指的就是肥胖指數(shù)，肥胖指數(shù)分為三類，而且算法比較簡單，所以A復(fù)雜不正確，B選項保守，用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式，不恰當(dāng)，一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般是確定的，因此可變的也不符合題意，D選項straightforward表示直截了當(dāng)，符合題意，因此正確答案為D。

10、【答案】B while

【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，實際上身材正好，_____其他人有較低的BMI指數(shù)，可能_____。從前半句我們可以看出，有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高，應(yīng)該屬于體重肥胖的人，事實上身材正好，這里說明的是反常的現(xiàn)象，后半句是其他人的BMI指數(shù)較低，而_____較差。A、so（所以）；B、while（而）；C、since（因為）；D、unless（除非）四個選項中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為B。

11、【答案】A shape

【解析】本題可以簡化為：Some … are fit, while others … may be in poor .不難看出，前后意義相反，且fit（體型健康）與in poor 對應(yīng)，與之最相關(guān)是A shape（外形），故為正確答案�！熬�神”、“均衡”、“品味”都相差比較遠，可以排除。

12、【答案】B qualify

【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義：有一些人體型很好，有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來舉例說有些專業(yè)足球運動員 是肥胖的，“開始”不符；“處在”也不符合句意；“被認為”符合句意，正確。

13、【答案】C normal

【解析】本句不難理解：有些人脂肪過高，但是BMI卻 。所需詞匯明顯是正向的，排除A、B；D屬中性，且不符合句意，C（正常的）契合，為正確答案。

14、【答案】D tendency

【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句：to stigmatize obesity（抵毀肥胖），作為劃線部分的后置定語，將四個選項“選擇”“理由”“機會”“傾向”代入劃線處，最符合句意的是D（傾向）。后面一句也進一步證實了（出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的）。

15、【答案】C pictured

【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體，根據(jù)語境，上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思應(yīng)該是媒體污蔑肥胖，四個選項中，跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有C picture 意思為刻畫，描寫，描述。

16、【答案】D associated

【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖_____的原型包括懶惰，缺乏意志力，對成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懶惰，缺乏意志力和對成功的期望值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)，分析四個選項，A. 與。。。相比；B 與。。。相結(jié)合；C. 和。。。和解；都不符合題意，只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系，相關(guān)符合句意。

17、【答案】A even

【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑視超重，而且對身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個問題。本空格缺少一個副詞，根據(jù)語境記憶常識，此處應(yīng)該填入表示讓步關(guān)系的詞匯，分析四個選項，只有A even 即使符合題意。

18、【答案】D grounded

【解析】根據(jù)語境，空前講到對肥胖的負面態(tài)度，空后講到對健康的關(guān)注，

激發(fā)一批反肥胖的____。本句沒有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞，說明空前后所表達的意思是一致的，反對肥胖，是基于對健康的關(guān)注，分析四個選項，能夠表達此意思的詞匯，只有選項D grounded,意思是基于。

19、【答案】D policies

【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子�？蘸蟮木渥映霈F(xiàn)了一系列表示同一個語義場的詞匯，比如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一個系統(tǒng)中所出臺的政策的問題，瀏覽四個選項，D選項policies 符合題意，直接入選。

20、【答案】B against

【解析】本段的主題是反對肥胖，本句話屬于細節(jié)的句子，用來支持這個主題，空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個高知名度的_____兒童肥胖，甚至告訴奧茲博士，它代表了我們國家最大的安全威脅�？崭裰腥鄙僭~匯應(yīng)該含有反對，反抗的意思，縱觀四個選項，只有B against 符合題意。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】B A special tour

【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的“it is far better to spend money on experiences…like interesting trips…”，意思是“花錢消費在經(jīng)歷方面更好……，比如說有趣的旅行……”，由此可以得知答案是B選項“一場特別的旅行”。

22、【答案】A critical

【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的“something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it”，意思是“普通美國人一年花兩個月的時間看電視，并且看電視幾乎不可能更愉快”，因此可以得知作者對于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項“批判的”。

23、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure

【解析】觀點例證題。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到Mc Rib這個例子，用這個例子證明的論點是“l(fā)uxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly”，大意是“有節(jié)制地消費奢侈品最令人愉悅”，D選項正是這句論點句的同義替換。

24、【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句“most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent”，大意是“大多數(shù)人看完這本書后，認為物有所值”，因此可以推知B選項是正確答案。

25、【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money

【解析】主旨題。縱觀全文可知，全文主要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系，因此答案定位在A選項。

Text 2

26、【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high

【解析】題目問 “根據(jù)第一段，社會心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？”對應(yīng)于文章第一 段第三句“社會心理學(xué)家對所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進行大量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不可能的。”由此可知，我們對自己評價過高。故答案為[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high。

27、【答案】C intuitive response

【解析】題目問“視覺識別被認為是人們的什么？”對應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句“視覺識別是自動的心理過程，這個過程依靠直覺快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的�！庇纱丝芍�，視覺識別被認為是人們的直覺反應(yīng)。故答案為[C] intuitive response。

28、【答案】B believe in their attractiveness

【解析】題目問“Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣”。對應(yīng)到第四段，第二句講到“沒有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提升最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自己的不安全，接著講到：事實上，那些認為自己的形象高于吸引力標準的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為[B] believe in their attractiveness。

29、【答案】[A] instinctively

【解析】題目問“最接近viscerally的意思的是？”。對應(yīng)到第五段，viscerally所在句講到“許多人討厭照片中的自己，從某種層面上說，他們甚至不承認照片中的人是他們自己�！倍�下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片�！庇纱丝芍�，viscerally在本句中是“本質(zhì)上地”意思，故答案為[A] instinctively。

30、【答案】[D]withhold their unflattering sides

【解析】題干問“我們可以推理出臉書（facebook）之所以是一個自我拔高者的天堂，是因為人們可以做什么？”對應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二句，該句講到“在臉書（facebook）中，人們可以分享最滿意的照片�！毕挛慕又�講到“不是人們不誠實，而是人們展示了自己最理想的形象。”故答案為[D]withhold their unflattering sides。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] involves certain political factors

【解析】 根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housing sector可以對應(yīng)到文章的第二段， 中間說的很多，我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn)，最后應(yīng)該是作者真正想要表達的觀點，另外這里用了the most significant 最高級，所以最后這個是最重要的一個原因，politically charged和選項B的political factors有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選B involves certain political factors。

A項的吸引注意沒有提及，C項的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任，原文說的shoulder the blame，D項說的喪失價值，原文說的是不善于表明真正價值，兩者不一致，故排除。

37、【答案】[C] suffered government biases

【解析】經(jīng)濟適用房曾受到政府的偏見。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. 政府需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered 是過去式，是對于原文history 的同義反復(fù)，biases 是對原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。

38、【答案】[A] allow greater government debt for housing

【解析】根據(jù)人名George Osborne定位得知，此人將會讓當(dāng)?shù)卣�府用來償還建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松，并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下，將會另有60,000所房屋在未來的五年中建立，并由此拉動國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點六。因此A（允許更大的政府的建房借貸）是正確的，而B（禁止當(dāng)?shù)卣�府建房），C（準備減少建房借貸），D（發(fā)布國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長的預(yù)報）都與原文意思不符。

39、【答案】[C] contribute to funding new developments

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段，題干考察的是對穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項的意思是“減少注冊供應(yīng)者的成本”，其中“成本一詞”并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項的意思是“減少政府接介入的影響”，其中“政府介入”并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項的意思是“有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持”，其中“為新發(fā)展提供資金支持”對應(yīng)文中的“fund new developments”；C選項中的“contribute to”（意思是有助于）對英文中的have a significant impact（意思是有重要影響），符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項。

40、【答案】[D] stop generous funding to the housing sector

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行�？疾斓氖�2015年以后政府的可能性動作。A項的意思是“推行更多的政策來支持住房”與原文意義相反。B項的意思是重新審視大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求，與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違背。C項的意思是更新可負擔(dān)的住房撥款項目并沒有提到renew一詞。D項的意思是停止對住房部門的大額資助，與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配，故為正確選項。

Section III Translation

46、

【參考譯文】

大多數(shù)人認為樂觀是無盡的歡樂，如同總是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會為積極心理學(xué)家所稱道的虛假的快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說，“健康的樂觀主義意味著要活在現(xiàn)實之中。”在Ben-Shahar看來，現(xiàn)實的樂觀主義者會因勢利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。

Ben-Shahar 會使用三種樂觀的方法。比如說，當(dāng)他因搞砸了一場演講而倍感郁悶的時候，他會告訴自己這是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎，總會有一些人的演講效果不及其他人。接著為改進。他分析了一些效果不好的演講并且從那些起效和無效的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來做準備。最后是看待問題的角度，即在生活的宏偉計劃中，一次演講真的無足輕重。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to

1) tell him about your living habits, and

2) ask for advice about living there

Dear John,

I am Li Ming, your future roommate and a new arrival from China who is coming over here for further education. I am writing this letter to let you know about me and ask for some suggestions for my future life in America.

First, I am a quiet person so that your keeping silent would be highly appreciated. Second, I like cooking and I wonder whether it is okay to you that I cook Chinese dish at home, because the preparation for Chinese cuisine may produce much smoke. Third, I want to buy a car but I know nothing about traffic rules in America. Would you please give me a lesson about traffic laws in US.

Wish you reply soon.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

48. Directions:

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

As the bar graph indicates, both city and rural area witnessed a distinguished phenomenon in population fluctuation. Indeed, population in city increased at a breakneck speed and surpassed that of rural area during the period from 1990 to 2010 while population in rural region slightly decreased down to a scale which was close to that of city.

What accounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The first contributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities in China. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s which mostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoy the harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. People in rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and an increasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workers just because they would make much more money than ever before in city. All these are the result of urbanization.

Based on the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process of urbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefits from the fast development of China. 

來源：萬學(xué)海文教研中心英語教研室